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Complex of preparing documents of aeronautical information
Complex of preparing documents of aeronautical information is a tool kit for maintaining base of aeronautical data, for designing the routes of departure, approach and landing, modelling and analysis of aeronautical situation, formation of aeronautical maps and data exchange with other information systems in the ARINC424-19 text format and a format of metadata AIXM 5.1 and WFS2.0.
The complex is designed in accordance with the requirements of ICAO documents:
The main source of aeronautical information is a relational database of aeronautical data, which is created in accordance with the model of AICM (Aeronautical Information Conceptual Model). AICM model is recommended by the international organization of planning and coordination of air traffic "Eurocontrol". The database structure allows you to store and process all elements of aviation activity, track the chronology of their changes with the date, time of user and type of operation. The database is deployed on DBMS Postgres 9.4 or 9.5.
The complex allows to create all types of aeronautical maps, thematic documents, pages of air navigation information publications (further ANI collection) in national and international languages, aeronautical information sets in AIXM 5.1 format. Aeronautical data sets in AIXM5.1 format can be used to exchange data between aeronautical data bases and aeronautical information processing systems. Providing AIXM 5.1 data sets as answers in the WFS 2.0 specification allows the use of information in client-server WEB systems. The database of the complex and the formed documents can be used for the analysis of flights in the airdrome area, modelling and analysis of air situation, planning of using the air space and air traffic control, exchange of aeronautical data with other databases and WEB services. A detailed description of the database structure is shown in the "Database Specification AICM".
Application the "Preparing documents of aeronautical information" serves for input and output of information into the aeronautical database. The task is framed in the form of the panel integrated into the GIS "Panorama". The taskbar is functionally divided into four parts - data input, data output, conducting directories, ARINC and AIXM 5.1 converters. In order to administer data security subsystem the task includes the dialogue of aeronautical information's administrator.
The task lets you perform the following operations:
Aeronautical maps are formed by both tasks of the complex in accordance with document the Doc 8697 ICAO (" Guidance for Aeronautical Maps"). Aeronautical maps are formed in electronic form, are based on the special aeronautical classifier dfc.rsc. Depending on solved tasks, the following types of aeronautical maps are formed:
Data sets in AIXM5.1 are formed from a database by means of the built-in converter of export. The converter allows you to export all the main types of aeronautical data into separate files, the airfield infrastructure and lighting equipment. Converter provides the ability to export any aeronautical information stored in the database through a special service. The built-in ANI basic information export converter is accessible via the button on the panel of ANI complex when the database is connected. If the database is not connected, an external converter is called, which works with the map.
It is a base map and three user maps. The route map can be published in lower, upper, uncontrolled or set by the user of a complex the airspace. Maps of the upper airspace (from altitude of 8100 meters and above), maps of the lower airspace (from altitude of 1500 up to altitude of 8100 meters) and maps of uncontrolled airspace.
It is a base map onto preset area and four user maps. The area may be limited by a frame. Scales of a route map and the area map are selected depending on density of air traffic and the sizes of area. Aeronautical maps of upper and lower airspace are performed at scale 1: 1 000 000 (10 kilometers in one centimeter), 1: 1 500 000 (15 kilometers in one centimeter) or smaller. Aeronautical maps for the airspace of Class G - 1: 500 000 (5 kilometers in one centimeter) and larger.
According to ICAO classification the name of maps correspond to "ENROUTE CHART above FL275", "ENROUTE CHART below FL275" and the maps "VFR". Maps "VFR" are published in the layer from 1500 meters and below, and also above 20400 m (FL660).
Maps of standard departure and standard arrival by implements (SID/STAR) - are a set from three user maps. The map is formed for a concrete threshold of the airport runway (further RWY). The map of a standard departure is created with the name "exit", and of a standard arrival - with the name "approach". The name of the map is supplemented with the name of airport and course. Maps are published on the scale of 1:500 000 (more seldom in 1:1 000 000).
Maps of visual landing approach and map of the landing approach by implements are a set of the topographical map-substrate, four user maps with the aeronautical data and one map with marginal representation. The map is published at the scale of 1:200 000, and visual landing approach at the scale of 1:100 000 and should have conformal projection on which the straight line approximately corresponds to orthodrome (great-circle distance).
Map of airfield is a separate user map in scales 1:25 000 or 1:10 000. The topographical basis, raster information, matrix data for the map of airfield are prepared separately. The information about runways, landing courses, taxiways, airport aprons and parking areas, radio landing systems, lighting equipment and other information necessary for orientation in airdrome are put on a map. The table of meteorological minima can be put on the map of airfield.
Map of ground aerodrome traffic and parking areas is a separate user map in scales of 1:25 000 or 1:10 000. The map can be published in the form of the scheme without scale. The topographical basis is absent. The map contains borders of capital coverings of the airport on which the airfield movement is carried out, aprons with parking areas of aircrafts, parking lot with the table of positions and numbers, restrictions and routes of ground movement of aircrafts.
Terrain map for precision approach is a separate user map in scale of 1:25 000 or 1:10 000. The map contains detailed information about terrain profile within a predetermined area on final stage of approach for landing. It is used for providing aircraft operating companies the possibility of assessing how this terrain has an impact on the determination of altitude of decision-making at using the radio altimeters.
Map of airfield obstacles of class "A" is a separate user map in the scale of 1:25 000. Information has schematic character, has no binding to geodetic system of the map. It is put in conventional meters on the map image. On map there are put the plan and profile of each runway, adjoining to it of runway thresholds or a terminal strip, free from obstacles, zone of take-off path and obstacles, profile of a spare takeoff path area includes a linear projection of entire take-off path and is located above its corresponding plan in form most convenient for a quick understanding of the information.
Map of airfield obstacles of class "B" is a separate user map which serves for determination of the minimum safe absolute/relative altitudes, including flight of the circling, the rules to be followed in an emergency during take-off or landing and use as a starting material for the preparation of aeronautical charts. On a map there are put all obstacles with a relief in preset area of works and a geodetic grid with an interval of one minute, denoted in degrees and minutes.
Export of aeronautical information onto maps is accompanied by filling the special semantic characteristics of objects which allow you to display information in a three-dimensional view.
Air navigation Information Publication - is the document containing the aeronautical information and the other data, used for navigation onboard of the aircraft, maintenance and air traffic control by ground services. The publication consists of three sections and contains catalogues of aeronautical information, the aeronautical maps, the national and regional rules and procedures of flights.
The complex forms all tabular information and sheets of out-of-frame registration of aeronautical maps for the following sections of AIP:
Application task "Calculation of airfield routes" is intended for simulation and creation of standard departure routes, approach, instrumental and visual approaches, analysis of the influence on the elements of airspace structure taking into account the terrain. The task allows creating the schemes of the sections of departure, approach and landing routes, as well as the surface of the obstacle assessment in the area of the aerodrome. The projected flight route contains a sequential chain of schemes that can be combined, united, trimmed in the manner that is described in documents Doc8168 and Doc9368.
The panel is functionally divided into two parts - operating and service. The operating part serves to form the schemes of departure, approach and landing, scheme of maneuvers on a circle, elements of the RNAV routes, creation of landing routes by national standards, analysis of processing and preservation of projected routes, as well as for calculating OCA(ОСН), MDA and Height of the circle. The service part is used to connect a database, call help and shutdown.
Pursuant to Doc8168, "Procedures for Air Navigation Services - Aircraft Operations (PANS-OPS) Volume II - Construction of Visual and Instrument Flight Procedures" and Doc9371 "Template Manual for Holding, Reversal and Racetrack Procedures".
The task allows to design and analyze the following types of schemes:
By military procedures:
Elements of routes RNAV, en-routes segments of area navigation and schemes baro-VNAV, "Т" and "Y", various variants of the initial phase of turn onto missed approach were created in accordance with the requirements of documents "Doc 8168 Pans-Ops. "Aircraft Operations" (PANS-OPS) Volume II" and "Instructions for the construction of flight procedures on the route and in the area of the aerodrome using the methods of area navigation.". The task allows you to create the following elements of RNAV schemes:
Application generates ready-made schemes of of route sections of the departure, approach and landing, as well as the protective schemes of the "racetrack" and the turns. Depending on the type of route and the features of the construction, the scheme may not contain a route part (OAS surface), buffer (additional zone) at the initial stage of departure. Schemes can contain additional elements: special points and protective lines. Each scheme contains an insertion point and an orientation axis that are included into a set of map objects for possibility of coordination at construction of a single route.
The designed route consists of one or several schemes. Calculation and updating of parametres of construction of the scheme on the calculated safe height of flight, the WASP/OSN, a gradient of landing of a departure or leaving on the second circle and other parametres is if necessary carried out. If necessary there are performed a calculation and correction of the scheme construction parameters for the calculated safe flight altitude, OCA/OCH, gradient of departure landing or missed approach and other parameters. The schemes are prepared in accordance with the ICAO program described in Doc 9906, "Quality Assurance Manual for Flight Procedure Design", Volume 2. Flight Procedure Designer Training (Development of a Flight Procedure Designer Training Programme). The scheme is tested in accordance with the requirements of document Doc 8168, is approved and marked in the database as relevant one. Generalised algorithm of the task is the encoding the routes of approach, departure, landing, their manual correction in special temporary storehouse and further preservation into a database for subsequent publication. Coding procedures of a departure, approach and landing is performed in accordance with the requirements of Section 5 of the Doc 8168 "Aircraft Operations" (PANS-OPS) Volume II and corresponds to encoding the indicators of trajectory direction of format ARINC 424-19.
Processing a projected route is carried out by the panel "Analysis, search, preservation". Using the panel of drawing templates and tools of the GIS "Panorama", there is created a route or a flight procedure on a digital aeronautical map. By means of search and preservation the created and coordinated information on a map is processed by the task and is stored in a database. There is made the analysis of potential reference points of the projected scheme which are processed and stored as the terminal one. Separately the zones of obstacles assessment for each route are processed and stored. The result is used for performing the analysis of influence of infrastructure objects (obstacles) onto individual flight phases. Results of the analysis must be used for decision-making on change of structure and route position, and also parameters of its separate elements (templates).
The applied task "Assessing the compliance of airfields to FAP requirements" is intended for the analysis of the airdrome and the airdrome vicinity territory for suitability for exploitation and flights of aircrafts in accordance with the Federal Aviation Regulations. The task allows to analyze the terrain, the aerodrome area, artificial obstacles and elements of the ground infrastructure for deciding the aerodrome's usefulness for operation. The task panel is shown in the figure below.
The task was created in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Aviation Regulations "Requirements for aerodromes intended for take-off, landing, taxiing and parking of civil aircraft to civil airfields" approved by Order № 262 of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation of August 25, 2015 (hereinafter FAP). Calculations and the resulting information are generated according to the algorithms and techniques described in the document "Methodology for assessing the compliance of civil aerodromes with the Federal Aviation Regulations" (hereinafter referred to as MAC FAP).
The task allows you to perform the following operations:
The order of interaction between the elements of the complex is shown in the following figure.
Projects of surfaces serve for performing the analysis of obstacles according to criteria and the techniques, described in section of III "Obstacle" of the MAС FAP document. By results of the analysis the tables are formed which are a part of the certificate of inspection of airdrome.
Application the "Assessment of norms of fitness to airdromes operations" is based on the document "Methods for assessing compliance with the standards for the operation of civil airdromes (CSOCA)" and is intended for the analysis of the airdrome and the airdrome vicinity territory for suitability for exploitation and flights of aircrafts. The application allows to analyze the terrain, the aerodrome area, artificial obstacles and elements of the ground infrastructure for deciding the aerodrome's usefulness for operation. Calculations and the resulting information are formed according to algorithms and methods described in the third edition, application to CSOCA and are exported in the form of passport sheets of airdrome in format MSWord and MSExcel.
The task allows to carry out the following operations:
Designs of surfaces are used for the analysis of obstacles in the terminal airdrome area, in accordance with the criteria and procedures described in Chapter 3 of MCA CSOCA. By results of the analysis, the tables are formed that are included into the certificate of aerodrome examination.